15 Congress (O) and three Jan Sangh MLAs also resigned. He finally committed suicide when he was surrendered to the Mughal. The Gurjara-Pratihara Empire ruled Gujarat after from the 8th to 10th centuries. [14] He states this can be determined from Dravidian place names in Gujarat. Despite the plunder by Mahmud of Ghazni, the Chalukyan kings were able to maintain the general well being of the state. [46] Later Congress won elections in December 1976 and Madhav Singh Solanki became Chief Minister. Pastoralism was also widespread and served as trade-links between sites. [65][66][67] 2009 Gujarat hepatitis outbreak resulted in 49 deaths. The state saw various kingdoms like Mauryas, Guptas, Pratiharas etc, but it was under the regime of Chalukyas (Solanki) Gujarat witnesses progress and … [1][2] Zafar Khan defeated Farhat-ul-Mulk near Anhilwada Patan and made the city his capital. Gujarat has been ruled by various kingdoms like the Mauryan, Gupta, Patihara, Chalukyas and others during its long history. Aṇahilpur Patan was famous as capital in era of Vanraj Chavda and Solanki or Chaulukya dynasty. [15][12], At several sites the post-Harappan culture continued. Pushyagupta, a Vaishya, was appointed Governor of Saurashtra by the Mauryan regime. Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at Anhilwara (Patan) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. He subdued most of the Rajput chieftains and built navy off the coast of Diu. Ultimately Firuz and his brothers surrendered to him. The British East India Company established a factory in Surat in 1614 following the commercial treaty made with Mughal Emperor Nuruddin Salim Jahangir, which formed their first base in India, but it was eclipsed by Bombay after the English received it from Portugal in 1668 as part of the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal. Ahmad Shah III succeeded him but now the reigns of the state were controlled by the nobles who divided the kingdom between themselves. He marched towards Delhi, but on the way he was poisoned by his uncle, Shams Khan. He was welcomed to partake in the hospitality of the brothers. The Peshwas had established their sovereignty over Gujarat including Saurashtra, and collected taxes and tributes through their representatives. [36], 17th-century French explorer François Pyrard de Laval, who is remembered for his 10-year sojourn in South Asia, bears witness accounts that the Gujaratis were always prepared to learn workmanship from the Portuguese, also in turn imparting skills to the Portuguese:[37] He served until 1963. [20][21], For nearly 300 years from the start of the 1st century AD, Saka rulers played a prominent part in Gujarat's history. The next emperor Shah Jahan (1627–1658) expanded his territories in south and his viceroys made hold over Kathiawar peninsula including Nawanagar. [5], During the end of the Indus Valley Civilisation, there was a migration of people from Sindh to Gujarat forming the Rangpur culture. Even after this robbery, the Chalukya (Solanki) kings took full care of the prosperity and well being of the people of Gujarat and worked for the development here. The known history of Gujarat begins with the Mauryan dynasty, which had extended its rule over the area by the 3rd century bce, as indicated by the edicts of the emperor Ashoka (c. 250 bce), which are carved on a rock in the Girnar Hills of the Kathiawar Peninsula. The state of Gujarat has played a significant role in history. History of Gujarat dates back to the period of Indus Valley Civilization.It comprises an important part of Indian historical texts. Pulakeshin received the title Avanijanashraya (refuge of the people of the earth) by Vikramaditya II for the protection of Gujarat. In 1391, Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad bin Tughluq appointed Zafar Khan, the son of Wajih-ul-Mulk as governor of Gujarat and conferred him the title of Muzaffar Khan (r. 1391 - 1403, 1404 - 1411). Muhammad Zaman Mirza, the fugitive Mughal prince made his claim on the ground that Bahadur's mother adopted him as her son. Chimanbhai Patel opposed Oza and became chief minister in 1972. Capital was named on his friend name Anhil Bharvad. The Maitrakadynasty, descended from a Gupta general, ruled from the 6th to the 8th centuries fro… Jahangir also permitted the British East India Company to establish factories in Surat and elsewhere in Gujarat. [18], The Early Historic material culture of Gujarat include the presence of Northern Black Polished Ware, continued dominance of Black-and-Red Ware, slow introduction and later domination of Red Polished Ware, occurrence of Roman Amphorae, Rang Mahal Ware (100–300), introduction of glass and lead, followed by gradual conquest of Iron, an agriculture-based economy, shell industry, development of script, rise of the urban settlements, brick structural remains, monumental buildings, international trade and development of Jainism, Buddhism, and Vaishnavism. By March, protesters had got 95 of 167 to resign. India has played host to the ebb and flow of empire-building since around 600 BCE. [43], Navnirman movement started in December 1973 due to price rise and corruption in public life. In 1026, the famous Somnath temple in Gujarat was destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni. After Timur's sacking of Delhi at the end of the 14th century weakened the Sultanate, Gujarat's governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar asserted his independence, and his son, Sultan Ahmad Shah I (ruled 1411 to 1442), restructured Ahmedabad as the capital. During this period the northern part of Gujarat was ruled by the north Indian Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty and the southern part of Gujarat was ruled by the south Indian Rashtrakuta Dynasty. Justice was administered and the revenue collected in the same way as under the Chaulukya kings. However, before the Maratha inroads into Gujarat, the Europeans had made their presence felt, with the Portuguese leading them, followed by the Dutch and the English. After a frantic search across Gujarat four Ahmads – Sultan Ahmad Shah I, Shaikh Ahmad Khattu of Sarkhez, Qazi Ahmad Jod of Patan, and scholar Malik Ahmad came together on 7 Zil Qa’da 813 ( 2-3 March 1411) to establish a city that has survived many ups and downs in its 600-year-old history. Amarsinh Chaudhary succeeded him in 1985 and headed government till 1989. It was also the site of the most popular revolts, including the Satyagrahas in Kheda, Bardoli, Borsad and the Salt Satyagraha. Witzel, Michael (2000). He was repelled this time but he invaded again in 1417 along with Nasir Khan, the Farooqi dynasty ruler of Khandesh and occupied Sultanpur and Nandurbar. Between the decline of the Mauryan power and Saurashtra coming under the sway of Samprati Mauryas of Ujjain, there was a Greek incursion into Gujarat led by Demetrius. The ensuing internecine war among the Marathas were fully exploited by the British, who interfered in the affairs of both Gaekwads and the Peshwas. From 1818 to 1947, most of present-day Gujarat, including Kathiawar, Kutch and northern and eastern Gujarat were divided into hundreds of princely states, but several districts in central and southern Gujarat, namely Ahmedabad, Broach (Bharuch), Kaira (Kheda), Panchmahal and Surat, were governed directly by British officials. As well as, for some periods the region came under the control of Rashtrakuta Empire and Pala Empire. During this fifty years, the power struggle between the Mughal nobles and Marathas caused disorder and the decline in prosperity.[34]. Ahmedabad, the capital of province, fell to the Marathas in 1752. This practise was maintained till the end of the reign of Muzaffar Sháh II, when, according to the Mirăt-i-Áhmedi, the army became much increased, and the ministers, condensing the details of revenue, farmed it on contract, so that many parts formerly yielding one rupee now produced ten, and many others seven eight or nine, and in no place was there a less increase than from ten to twenty per cent. They were allowed to establish two small settlements in Cambay (now Khambhat) and Bharuch. [74] The agitation continued and again turned violent in April 2016. [9] Some Mesolithic sites include Langhnaj, Kanewal, Tarsang, Dhansura, Loteshwar, Santhli, Datrana, Moti Pipli and Ambakut. Let us take a stroll down the history of rulers who ruled over Gujarat. This tribute was occasionally collected by military expeditions headed by the king in person and called mulkgíri or country-seizing circuits. The chief's share of the crops differed according to the locality; it rarely exceeded one-third of the produce, it rarely fell short of one-sixth. These attacks marked the entry of the Marathas into Gujarat. He ended the rule of Vaghela dynasty under Karna II and established Muslim rule in Gujarat. info) is the headquarters of Junagadh district in the Indian state of Gujarat.Located at the foot of the Girnar hills, 355 kilometres (221 mi) southwest of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar (the state capital), it is the seventh largest city in the state.. Bhandarpur near Orsang valley is rich in Palaeolithic tools. BJP was split as Rashtriya Janata Party was formed by Vaghela who became the Chief Minister by support of INC. The Acts of Judas Thomas, M.R.James,Tr.by M. R. James, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924. During the Muzaffarid rule, Ahmedabad grew to become one of the largest and wealthiest cities in the world,[citation needed] and the sultans were patrons of a distinctive architecture that blended Islamic elements with Gujarat's indigenous Hindu and Jain architectural traditions. [3] He fled and finally took asylum under Jam Sataji of Nawanagar State. After his death in 1411, he was succeeded by his grandson, the son of Tatar Khan, Ahmad Shah I. He shifted his cabinet to Morbi for six months during 1979 Machchhu dam failure disaster which resulted in large casualties. Chhabildas Mehta succeeded him and continued till March 1995. The Chaulukya dynasty[note 1][28] ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243. Desai resigned in 1971 due to split of INC and President's rule was imposed in Gujarat. The Solankis ruled Gujarat in the early phase of the medieval history that is the 10th to 13th Century. In the first half of the first century A.D. there is the story of a merchant of King Gondaphares landing in Gujarat with Apostle Thomas. Keshubhai Patel became the chief minister of Gujarat in March but resigned eight months later as his colleague Shankersinh Vaghela revolted against him. The capital of Gujarat moved from Ahmedabad to Gandhinagar in 1971 but legislative assembly building was completed in 1982. Solanki again became chief minister until INC lost in 1990 election following Mandal commission protests. On 1 May 1960, Bombay state bifurcated into Gujarat and Maharashtra. [14]The victory brought Rajputs within day's march of Agra and Delhi and made them contender of supremacy of Northern India. The title of rulers was earlier Jam, which during British Raj changed to Maharao made hereditary from 1 Jan 1918. [68], In 2006, Gujarat became the first state in India to electrify all villages of the state. The State bears its name from the Gujara which was the land of the Gujjars, who ruled the area during the period of 700's and 800's. Mahagujarat Movement led by Indulal Yagnik demanded splitting of Bombay state on linguistic lines. Finally, the nobles selected Mahmud Khan, the son of Bahadur's brother Latif Khan as his successor and he ascended to the throne as Mahmud Shah III in 1538. The Bahmani Sultan Ahmad Shah sent strong reinforcements and the Khandesh army also joined them. The complexity and time-intensiveness is what makes Patola so valuable. Later Patel joined the INC and continued till his death in February 1994. Heavy rain in June and July 2015 resulted in widespread flooding in Saurashtra and north Gujarat resulting in more than 150 deaths. The British also embarked upon their policy of Subsidiary Alliance. The Upper Paleolithic period sites from Visadi, Panchmahals, Bhamaria, Kantali, Palanpur and Vavri are also explored. [15] Rana Sanga later invaded Gujarat and plundered the Sultanate's treasuries, greatly damaging its prestige, Sanga also annexed northern Gujarat and appointed one of his Rajput vassals to rule there. Anandrao Gaekwad joined the Alliance in 1802 and surrendered Surat and adjoining territories to the British. 1916-01-22 Harilal Upadhyay, Gujarati Author, Poet, Astrologist (Gujarat is a State of India) (d. 1994) 1921-12-07 Pramukh Swami Maharaj, Indian Hindu spiritual leader (BAPS), born in Chansad, Gujarat … After Indian independence and the Partition of India in 1947, the new Indian government grouped the former princely states of Gujarat into three larger units; Saurashtra, which included the former princely states on the Kathiawar peninsula, Kutch, and Bombay state, which included the former British districts of Bombay Presidency together with most of Baroda state and the other former princely states of eastern Gujarat. In 1449, he marched against Champaner, but the ruler of Champaner, Raja Kanak Das, with the help of Malwa Sultan Mahmud Khilji forced him to retreat. [45] Janata Morcha government lasted nine months and president's rule imposed in March 1976 following failure of passage of budget in assembly to opposition of coalition partners. Patan Patola: cloth of kings. Soon the Tughluq dynasty came to power in Delhi whose emperor carried out expeditions to quell rebellion in Gujarat and established their firm control over the region by the end of the 14th century.[29]. [9] The sites in Kutch, namely, Surkotada, Desalpur, Pabumath and Dholavira are some major sites of Urban period. Later in the 17th century, Gujarat came under control of the Maratha Empire that rose defeating the Mughals and who dominated the politics of India. [6], Gujarát was divided politically into two main parts; one, called the khálsah or crown domain administered directly by the central authority; the other, on payment of tribute in service or in money, left under the control of its former rulers. [9][7][6], Soon after his accession, Ahmad Shah I was faced with a rebellion of his uncles. Cutch was ruled by the Jadeja Rajput dynasty of the Samma tribe from its formation in 1147 until 1948 when it acceded to newly formed, India. The capital of Gujarat was Ahmedabad.[39]. Members of legislative assembly were elected from 132 constituencies of newly formed Gujarat state. They later made peace between themselves. The few sites associated with Malwa Ware and Jorwe Ware are also found. The Gujarat Sultanate was a medieval Indian Muslim Rajput kingdom established in the early 15th century in present-day Gujarat, India. In 1994 plague endemic broke out in Surat resulting in 52 deaths. The Vaghelas were the last Hindu monarchs to rule large parts of Gujarat, before the Muslim conquest of the region. Following battle of succession, Aurangzeb (1658–1707) came to the Mughal throne and his policies resulted in revolts and discontent. [6] The Gujarat Sultanate had comprised twenty-five sarkars (administrative units). [12] Ahmad Shah II defeated Khilji at Kapadvanj. They were garrisoned by bodies of local soldiery, for whose maintenance, in addition to money payments, a small assignment of land was set apart in the neighbourhood of the post. The kings of the dynasty used the self-designation Chaulukya, and are also known as the Chalukyas of Gujarat or as the Solanki Rajputs. Gujarat army defeated them and later Ahmad Shah led four expeditions into Malwa in 1419, 1420, 1422 and 1438. In 1583, he escaped from the prison and with the help of the nobles succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's general Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana. After the fall of the Mauryan empire, Gujarat came under the rule of the Shakas (Scythians), or western Kshatrapas (130–390 ce). "The Languages of Harappa". Trade And Trade Routes in Ancient India von Moti Chandra page: 99, Ancient India by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar p. 366, History, Religion and Culture of India, by S. Gajrani p.32, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Patidar community carried out demonstrations, attacks on the Hindi-speaking migrants in Gujarat, "4. The Vaghela dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that ruled Gujarat from its capital of Dholka in the 13th century CE. He was killed in 1554 by his servant. The incident of the cup-bearer killed by a lion might indicate that the port city described is in Gujarat. In 775 the first Parsi (Zoroastrian) refugees arrived in Gujarat from Greater Iran.[2]. Later Ghanshyam Oza became chief minister when Indira Gandhi led Congress (I) won majority in parliament after 1971 Indo-Pakistani war. 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